
An Inference Engine is a tool from artificial intelligence. The first inference engines were components of expert systems. The typical expert system consisted of a knowledge base and an inference engine. The knowledge base stored facts about the world. The inference engine applied logical rules to the knowledge base and deduced new knowledge. This...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference_engine

(from the article `expert system`) In order to accomplish feats of apparent intelligence, an expert system relies on two components: a knowledge base and an inference engine. A ... ...engineer, organizes the information elicited from the experts into a collection of rules, typically of an `if-then` structure. Rules of this typ...
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/a-z/i/21

component of an expert system that applies inference rules to draw conclusions from the information stored in a knowledge base
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http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-21-49
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